Book 24
Lesson 2
Gerund as subject of
sentence
Gerund
���� Gerund phrase ��˹�ҷ���繻�иҹ�ͧ����¤
���Ҩ�դ��ʴ��繻���ʸ �not� ��Сͺ��ҧ˹�� Gerund
�����դ��ʴ���������Ңͧ��Сͺ��ҧ˹�� Gerund ��
������ҧ
1. Swimming is
a good exercise.
2. Walking on the rope is a dangerous thing.
3. Not doing the homework might cause you to fail the test.
4. Dang�s smoking
caused him to have many health problems.
5. Her cleaning the house every day is not necessary.
Gerund
���� Gerund phrase ��˹�ҷ���繻�иҹ�ͧ����¤
anticipatory �it�
������ҧ
1. It was a big mistake buying such an
expensive house. (Buying
such an expensive house was a big mistake.)
2. It�s fun learning a new language. (Leaning a new language is fun.)
3. It hasn�t been fun climbing the mountain.
(Climbing
the mountain hasn�t been fun.)
4. It�s the correct procedure not talking during
the test.
(Not
talking during the test is the correct procedure.)
5. It isn�t easy learning how to ride a motorcycle.
(Learning
how to ride a motorcycle isn�t easy.)
Gerund as object of
preposition
Gerund
���� Gerund phrase ��˹�ҷ���繡����ͧ preposition
���Ҩ�դ��ʴ��繻���ʸ��Сͺ��ҧ˹�� Gerund �����դ��ʴ���������Ңͧ��Сͺ��ҧ˹�� Gerund ��
������ҧ
1. Thank you for helping me carry
my suitcases.
2. Students were happy about not having homework.
3. James is looking forward to Ladda�s
coming.
4. Henry was punished for telling a lie.
Subjunctive �that� noun
clause after anticipatory � it
����¤�����
noun clause �����ѧ anticipatory
�it� ���ٻ����� present subjunctive ���
������ٻ��� (base form) �����һ�иҹ���繤Ӫ�Դ� (verb
to be �� �be� ����) ����繻���ʸ��� �not� ��ҧ˹�� present
subjunctive ��ѹ��
���ç���ҧ����¤�ѧ���
|
Anticipatory-it |
Subjunctive noun clause |
||
|
It�s |
Adjective |
(that) |
|
|
advisable best better compulsory critical essential important mandatory necessary required urgent |
|||
������ҧ
1. It�s
important (that) he have to come at one.
2. It�s
necessary (that) she not stay late at night.
3. It�s
advisable (that) I be here at 6:30 a.m.
4. It�s
essential (that) she study until midnight.
5. It�s
essential (that) every child have the same educational
opportunities.
6. It�s
important (that) Helen be present when we sign the papers.
Tag questions
����ٻ�ͧ�Ӷ������
����ͷ��»���¤�͡�������ͻ���ʸ �¶�Ң�ͤ����繺͡���� tag �����ٻ����ʸ ��Ң�ͤ����繻���ʸ
tag ���繺͡����
Tag question ��������§�٧�����ʴ��Ӷ��
���ͧ�ҡ���ٴ���������觷��ٴ
Tag question ���ŧ���§��Ө����ʴ�����׹�ѹ��ͤ���
���ͧ�ҡ���ٴ������觷��ٴ
������ҧ
1.
You didn�t lock
the door, did you? (���ٴ������)
2.
The weekends pass
quickly, don�t they? ¯ (���ٴ���)
Grammar exercise lesson 2
Complete each sentence
with an appropriate preposition and verb form.
1. Henry is interested _______ (look) _________ for
a new job.
2. Everyone in the neighborhood participated _______
(search) _________ for the lost child.
3. Capt. Jones isn�t used ________ (wear) _________ a
suit and tie every day.
4. We talked _________ (go, not) __________ to
the meeting, but finally decided we should go.
5. Who is responsible ________ (wash) ___________ and
(dry) ____________ the dishes after dinner?
Change the sentences from
the gerund as subject before the verb to the gerund as subject after the verb
in an �anticipatory-it�.
1. Climbing to the top of a mountain isn�t easy.
___________________________________________________________
2. Visiting Prague was a good experience.
____________________________________________________________
3. Skiing down a steep mountain slope is hard.
____________________________________________________________
4. Is learning a foreign language difficult?
____________________________________________________________
5. Doing a job well takes a lot of time.
____________________________________________________________
Add tag questions.
1.
There�s something
wrong with Rose today, __________________
2.
He�s learned a
lot in the last couple of years, __________________
3.
They won�t be
there, __________________________
4.
You used to live
in New York, _______________________
5.
Class ends at
four, _____________________
Give the correct form of
the verb in parentheses.
1. It�s important that he (contact) ______________ the
director of the English program.
2. It�s necessary that everyone (be) ____________ here on
time.
3. It�s essential that I (see) ______________ you
tomorrow.
4. It�s important that you (be, not) _______________________
late
5. It�s mandatory that the students (pass) ________________
the tests before they graduate.
Vocabulary exercise lesson
2
Fill in the blank with the
given words
|
altimeter (n) ����ͧ����Ѵ�����٧ |
dive (v) ���ŧ
�ӹ�� |
|
altitude (n) �����٧�˹�� �дѺ��ӷ��� |
ignore (v) ����� |
|
cockpit (n) ��ͧ�ѡ�Թ |
keep track of (exp) �Դ������� |
|
compass (n) ������ |
lose track of (exp) �������� |
|
cross-check (v) �ͺ����ҡ�������� |
maneuver (n) Ἱ����ź��ա |
|
cross off, cross out (v) �մ��� |
(v) �ź��ա |
|
disaster (n)
������¹� |
navigate (v) �ӷҧ
����ͧ |
|
discard (v) ��� |
precise (adj) �١��ͧ ����� |
1.
An _____________
is an apparatus used for measuring __________________
2.
His numbers are
correct because they have been __________________
3.
The teacher should _________________ the wrong answer and write
the correct one.
4.
I asked them to __________
my name __________ their list.
5.
Professor Smith
continued his research work and ____________his colleague�s advice.
6.
The reporter�s
story about the fire was not only interesting, but also ______________.
7.
The ____________
is the part where the pilot sits.
8.
The train wreck
in which fifty people were killed was a ____________.
9.
The library _________________
all its old magazines.
10.
The driver __________________
his car into the narrow parking space.
11.
On the training,
compasses were used by Capt. Brown to __________________ during storms at sea.
12.
The pilot was
killed when his plane stalled and ______________ into the ground.
13.
With ten thousand
employees, it�s very difficult to __________________ them all.
14.
The needle of the
__________________ always points north.
Grammar exercise lesson 2
Complete each sentence with
an appropriate preposition and verb form.
1.
Henry is
interested in (look) looking for a new job.
2.
Everyone in the
neighborhood participated in (search) searching for
the lost child.
3.
Capt. Jones isn�t
used to (wear) wearing a suit and tie every day.
4.
We talked about
(go, not) not going to the meeting, but finally decided we should
go.
5.
Who is
responsible for (wash) washing and (dry) drying
the dishes after dinner?
Change the sentences from the
gerund as subject before the verb to the gerund as subject after the verb in an
�anticipatory-it�.
1.
Climbing to the
top of a mountain isn�t easy.
It isn�t easy climbing to the top of a mountain.
2.
Visiting Prague
was a good experience.
It was a good experience visiting Prague.
3.
Skiing down a
steep mountain slope is hard.
It�s hard skiing down a steep mountain slope.
4.
Is learning a
foreign language difficult?
Is it difficult learning a foreign language?
5.
Doing a job well
takes a lot of time.
It takes a lot of time doing a job well.
Add tag questions.
1.
There�s something
wrong with Rose today, isn�t there?
2.
He�s learned a
lot in the last couple of years, hasn�t he?
3.
They won�t be
there, will they?
4.
You used to live
in New York, didn�t you?
5.
Class ends at
four, doesn�t it?
Give the correct form of the
verb in parentheses.
1. It�s important that he (contact) contact
the director of the English program.
2. It�s necessary that everyone (be) be
here on time.
3. It�s essential that I (see) see you
tomorrow.
4. It�s important that you (be, not) not be
late
5. It�s mandatory that the students (pass) pass
the tests before they graduate.
Vocabulary exercise lesson
2
Fill in the blank with the
given words
|
altimeter (n) ����ͧ����Ѵ�����٧ |
dive (v) ���ŧ
�ӹ�� |
|
altitude (n) �����٧�˹�� �дѺ��ӷ��� |
ignore (v) ����� |
|
cockpit (n) ��ͧ�ѡ�Թ |
keep track of (exp) �Դ������� |
|
compass (n) ������ |
lose track of (exp) �������� |
|
cross-check (v) �ͺ����ҡ�������� |
maneuver (n) Ἱ����ź��ա |
|
cross off, cross out (v) �մ��� |
(v) �ź��ա |
|
disaster (n)
������¹� |
navigate (v) �ӷҧ
����ͧ |
|
discard (v) ��� |
precise (adj) �١��ͧ ����� |
1.
An altimeter
is an apparatus used for measuring altitude.
2.
His numbers are
correct because they have been crosschecked.
3.
The teacher
should cross out the wrong answer and write the correct one.
4.
I asked them to cross
my name off their list.
5.
Professor Smith
continued his research work and ignored his colleague�s advice.
6.
The reporter�s
story about the fire was not only interesting, but also precise.
7.
The cockpit
is the part where the pilot sits.
8.
The train wreck
in which fifty people were killed was a disaster.
9.
The library discarded
all its old magazines.
10.
The driver maneuvered
his car into the narrow parking space.
11.
On the training,
compasses were used by Capt. Brown to navigate during storms at
sea.
12.
The pilot was
killed when his plane stalled and dived into the ground.
13.
With ten thousand
employees, it�s very difficult to keep track of them all.
14.
The needle of the
compass always points north.